Social Inequality in the Netherlands: Perceptions, Attitudes and Explanations
Single Wave Study
General Information
Title
Social Inequality in the Netherlands: Perceptions, Attitudes and Explanations
Project Number
314
Abstract
This study investigates perceptions, attitudes and explanations regarding social inequality in the Netherlands.
Longitudinal Type
Single Wave Study
Begin date
07-09-2020
End date
29-09-2020
Researcher
Jonathan Mijs (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Willem de Koster (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Jeroen van der Waal (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Publisher
Centerdata
Copyright
© 2023 Centerdata
DOI
https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-x6s-z3ma
Funding Organization
ODISSEI
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
Erasmus University Rotterdam
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Datasets and documentation
View Documentation
Codebook in English
Codebook in Dutch
Data Files
English SPSS file
English STATA file
English CSV file
Variables
| Variable name | Variable Label |
|---|---|
| nomem_encr | Number of the household member encrypted |
| vm20a_m | Year and month of the field work period |
| vm20a001 | Mobile layout |
| vm20a002 | Which stimulus was presented to the respondent? |
| vm20a003 | Which item was shown 1st in the series vm20a065 - vm20a069? |
| vm20a004 | Which item was shown 2nd in the series vm20a065 - vm20a069? |
| vm20a005 | Which item was shown 3rd in the series vm20a065 - vm20a069? |
| vm20a006 | Which item was shown 4th in the series vm20a065 - vm20a069? |
| vm20a007 | Which item was shown 5th in the series vm20a065 - vm20a069? |
| vm20a008 | Which occupation was shown 1st in the network question? |
| vm20a009 | Which occupation was shown 2nd in the network question? |
| vm20a010 | Which occupation was shown 3rd in the network question? |
| vm20a011 | Which occupation was shown 4th in the network question? |
| vm20a012 | Which occupation was shown 5th in the network question? |
| vm20a013 | Which occupation was shown 6th in the network question? |
| vm20a014 | Which occupation was shown 7th in the network question? |
| vm20a015 | Which occupation was shown 8th in the network question? |
| vm20a016 | Which occupation was shown 9th in the network question? |
| vm20a017 | Which occupation was shown 10th in the network question? |
| vm20a018 | Which occupation was shown 11th in the network question? |
| vm20a019 | Which occupation was shown 12th in the network question? |
| vm20a020 | Which occupation was shown 13th in the network question? |
| vm20a021 | Which occupation was shown 14th in the network question? |
| vm20a022 | Which occupation was shown 15th in the network question? |
| vm20a023 | Which occupation was shown 16th in the network question? |
| vm20a024 | Which occupation was shown 17th in the network question? |
| vm20a025 | Which occupation was shown 18th in the network question? |
| vm20a026 | Which occupation was shown 19th in the network question? |
| vm20a027 | Which occupation was shown 20th in the network question? |
| vm20a028 | Which occupation was shown 21st in the network question? |
| vm20a029 | Where would you put yourself on the ladder? |
| vm20a030 | And when you think about the family that you grew up in, where did they fit? |
| vm20a031 | Thinking ahead 10 years from now, where do you think you will be? |
| vm20a032 | Most of my friends attended the same school as I did |
| vm20a033 | Most of my friends had the same ethnic background as mine |
| vm20a034 | At school, most of the pupils had the same ethnic background as mine |
| vm20a035 | Most of the children in my neighborhood had the same ethnic background as mine |
| vm20a036 | Most of the children in my neighborhood were about as rich or poor as my family |
| vm20a037 | Most of my friends have the same level of education as I have |
| vm20a038 | Most of my friends have the same ethnic background as mine |
| vm20a039 | At work, most of my colleagues have/had the same ethnic background as mine |
| vm20a040 | At work, most of my colleagues have/had the same level of education as I have |
| vm20a041 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Accountant |
| vm20a042 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Administrative assistant |
| vm20a043 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Lawyer |
| vm20a044 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Medical doctor |
| vm20a045 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Corporate managing director |
| vm20a046 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? University professor |
| vm20a047 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Software developer or programmer |
| vm20a048 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Kitchen assistant |
| vm20a049 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Cashier |
| vm20a050 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Social worker |
| vm20a051 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Manager |
| vm20a052 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Customer service representative |
| vm20a053 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Waiter / waitress |
| vm20a054 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Parcel or food delivery person |
| vm20a055 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Police officer |
| vm20a056 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Cleaner |
| vm20a057 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Dentist |
| vm20a058 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Sales assistant |
| vm20a059 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Nurse |
| vm20a060 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? Truck driver |
| vm20a061 | This is a list of 20 common jobs. Which of these people do you know socially? I don’t know anyone who performs any of these occupations |
| vm20a062 | I often have contact with people who are a lot poorer than me, for instance in the street, in public transport, in shops, in the neighborhood or at work |
| vm20a063 | I often have contact with people who are a lot richer than me, for instance in the street, in public transport, in shops, in the neighborhood or at work |
| vm20a064 | I know rich people and I know poor people |
| vm20a065 | I know people who go on vacation multiple times a year and people who cannot afford a holiday abroad |
| vm20a066 | I know people who own large houses and people who live in small rental apartments |
| vm20a067 | I know people who can afford a good education for themselves or their children and people who cannot |
| vm20a068 | I know people who can afford to save or invest money each month and people who don’t make ends meet |
| vm20a069 | I know people who work hard and long hours but make less money than other people I know |
| vm20a070 | Substantial differences in income are not a problem |
| vm20a071 | The Netherlands has become a better place with the people from other countries who have come to live here |
| vm20a072 | For society to be fair society, differences in people’s standard of living should be small |
| vm20a073 | Differences in income in the Netherlands are too large. |
| vm20a074 | Differences in wealth in the Netherlands are too large. |
| vm20a075 | Children from poor families do not have the same opportunities for getting ahead in life as children from rich families. |
| vm20a076 | Children with a non-Dutch background do not have the same opportunities for getting ahead in life as children with a Dutch background. |
| vm20a077 | It is the responsibility of the government to reduce the differences in income between people with high incomes and those with low incomes. |
| vm20a078 | It is the responsibility of the government to combat discrimination. |
| vm20a079 | What do you think is the average net monthly income (rounded off to whole euros) earned by a...medical doctor |
| vm20a080 | What do you think is the average net monthly income (rounded off to whole euros) earned by a...managing director of a large Dutch company |
| vm20a081 | What do you think is the average net monthly income (rounded off to whole euros) earned by a...shop assistant |
| vm20a082 | What do you think is the average net monthly income (rounded off to whole euros) earned by a...parcel or food delivery person |
| vm20a083 | What do you think is the average net monthly income (rounded off to whole euros) earned by a...government minister |
| vm20a084 | Please indicate what the net monthly income ought to be of a...medical doctor |
| vm20a085 | Please indicate what the net monthly income ought to be of a...managing director of a large Dutch company |
| vm20a086 | Please indicate what the net monthly income ought to be of a...shop assistant |
| vm20a087 | Please indicate what the net monthly income ought to be of a...parcel or food delivery person |
| vm20a088 | Please indicate what the net monthly income ought to be of a...government minister |
| vm20a089 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...coming from a wealthy family? |
| vm20a090 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...having highly educated parents? |
| vm20a091 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...having a good education ? |
| vm20a092 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...hard work? |
| vm20a093 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...knowing the right people? |
| vm20a094 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...having a certain skin color? |
| vm20a095 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...having a Dutch background? |
| vm20a096 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...having a certain religious faith? |
| vm20a097 | The following questions are about factors that may be important to achieving economic success. In your view, how important is...being born a man or a woman? |
| vm20a098 | A basic income means that the government pays everyone the same amount of money each month, regardless of whether someone works or not. […] Would you be for or against such a system in the Netherlands? |
| vm20a099 | The weakest groups in society are hit hardest by COVID-19 |
| vm20a100 | The measures against COVID-19 cause more damage than the virus |
| vm20a101 | Other countries are to blame for COVID-19 |
| vm20a102 | People with a certain skin color or ethnic background are born more intelligent than others |
| vm20a103 | People with a certain skin color or ethnic background are born more hard working than others |
| vm20a104 | Thinking about the world today, some cultures are better than others |
| vm20a105 | Previously in this questionnaire, you were shown a graph and some text. What was this about? |
| vm20a106 | Did your participation in this research make you more worried or less worried about inequality in the Netherlands? |
| vm20a107 | Was it difficult to answer the questions? |
| vm20a108 | Were the questions sufficiently clear? |
| vm20a109 | Did the questionnaire get you thinking about things? |
| vm20a110 | Was it an interesting subject? |
| vm20a111 | Did you enjoy answering the questions? |
| vm20a112 | Starting date questionnaire |
| vm20a113 | Starting time questionnaire |
| vm20a114 | End date questionnaire |
| vm20a115 | End time questionnaire |
| vm20a116 | Duration in seconds |
Response Information
Response Overview
Selected number of household members: 1,839 (100.0%)Non-response: 194 (10.5%)
Response: 1,645 (89.5%)
Complete: 1,636 (89.0%)
Incomplete: 9 (0.5%)
Collection Events
Period
07-09-2020 to 29-09-2020
Sample
A random sample of respondents who also participated in the questionnaires ‘Political and social attitudes in the Netherlands’ and ‘Implicit Association Test (IAT 2020) - Status conflict in the Dutch polder’.
Collection Mode
internet survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.
Publications
Lindner, T.,
et al. (2023). Does informing citizens about the non-meritocratic nature of inequality bolster support for a Universal Basic Income? Evidence from a population-based survey experiment. European Societies, first published online June 23, 2023.
Mijs, J. J. B.,
et al. (2023). Confronting racism of omission. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, first published online October 18, 2023.
Lindner, t. (2024). Understanding welfare attitudes: A cultural-sociological approach. Erasmus University Rotterdam.