Dutch Parliamentary Election Study 2023 > Part 3

Single Wave Study

General Information

Title
Part 3
Project Number
437.3
Abstract
This survey is part of the Dutch Parliamentary Elections Study 2023. This was the third questionnaire (out of three). This is the second post-elections questionnaire.
Longitudinal Type
Single Wave Study
Begin date
12-12-2023
End date
31-12-2023
Researcher
Marcel Lubbers (Utrecht University); Remko Voogd (Radboud University)
Publisher
Centerdata
Copyright
© 2026 Centerdata
DOI
https://doi.org/10.57990/eq8f-qk64
Funding Organization
ODISSEI
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
Utrecht University

Datasets and documentation

View Documentation

Codebook in English
Codebook in Dutch

Data Files

English SPSS file
English STATA file
English CSV file

Variables

Variable name Variable Label
nomem_encrNumber of the household member encrypted
baq23a_mYear and month of the field work period
baq23a001Preload variable: Which party did you vote for?
baq23a002Preload variable: Do you consider yourself to be a member of a particular church or religious community and if yes, to which one?
baq23a004Preload variable: Migrant background (born abroad or having parents who were born abroad)
baq23a005Which item was in 1st place?
baq23a006Which item was in 2nd place?
baq23a007Which item was in 3th place?
baq23a008Which item was in 4th place?
baq23a009Which item was in 5th place?
baq23a010Which item was shown as the first in baq23a063
baq23a011Which item was shown as the second in baq23a063
baq23a012Which item was shown as the first in baq23a0634
baq23a013Which item was shown as the second in baq23a064
baq23a014Which item was shown as the first in baq23a065
baq23a015Which item was shown as the second in baq23a065
baq23a016Which item was shown as the first in baq23a066
baq23a017Which item was shown as the second in baq23a066
baq23a018Which item was shown as the first in baq23a067
baq23a019Which item was shown as the second in baq23a067
baq23a020Random variable for determining the question text for baq23a227 and baq23a228
baq23a021Random variable for determining the introduction text for baq23a227 and baq23a228
baq23a022Do you think that the government should no longer allow anyone in, should set a maximum, or should not set a maximum when it comes to: the number of foreign students who are allowed to come to the Netherlands?
baq23a023Do you think that the government should no longer allow anyone in, should set a maximum, or should not set a maximum when it comes to: the number of refugees allowed to come to the Netherlands?
baq23a024Do you think that the government should no longer allow anyone in, should set a maximum, or should not set a maximum when it comes to: the number of immigrants from outside the European Union allowed to come to the Netherlands to work?
baq23a025Do you think that the government should no longer allow anyone in, should set a maximum, or should not set a maximum when it comes to: the number of immigrants from within the European Union allowed to come to the Netherlands to work?
baq23a026Do you think that the government should no longer allow anyone in, should set a maximum, or should not set a maximum when it comes to: the number of family migrants from outside the European Union who are allowed to come to the Netherlands
baq23a027What do you think is the maximum number of international students the Netherlands should admit each year?
baq23a028What maximum number of refugees do you think the Netherlands should admit per year?
baq23a029What maximum number of immigrants from outside the European Union coming to the Netherlands to work do you think the Netherlands should admit per year?
baq23a030What is the maximum number of immigrants from within the European Union coming to the Netherlands to work that you believe the Netherlands should admit each year?
baq23a031What is the maximum number of family migrants from outside the European Union that you think the Netherlands should allow per year?
baq23a032Where would you place yourself in a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that more asylum seekers should be allowed to enter and 7 means that asylum seekers should be sent back?
baq23a033Immigrants are generally good for the Dutch economy.
baq23a034The Dutch culture is threatened by immigrants.
baq23a035Immigrants increase crime rates in the Netherlands.
baq23a036The presence of refugees makes it more difficult for Dutch people to find housing.
baq23a037Many problems in the Netherlands are solved by reducing the number of immigrants coming to the Netherlands.
baq23a038It would be good when more migrants come to the Netherlands to solve staff shortages in healthcare.
baq23a039The police should be able to control people on their ethnic background.
baq23a040Tax authorities should be able to control people on their ethnic background.
baq23a041The Dutch government and king have apologized for the Netherlands' role in the slave trade in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Do you agree or disagree that they made this apology?
baq23a042I think that we, the Dutch, own this country
baq23a043I feel that this country belongs to us, the Dutch
baq23a044We Dutchmen have the duty to care for our country
baq23a045We Dutchmen are responsible for the Netherlands
baq23a046In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? - Poor and rich people
baq23a047In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? - People with different political orientations
baq23a048In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? - People with different sexual orientations
baq23a049In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? - People with and without a migration background
baq23a050In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? - Randstad and the region
baq23a051How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? - People of colour
baq23a052How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? - Women
baq23a053How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? - Elderly
baq23a054How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? - White, native Dutch people
baq23a055How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? - Lower educated
baq23a056How would you describe your skin colour?
baq23a057The will of the majority should always prevail, even over the rights of minorities.
baq23a060How satisfied are you with the way democracy works in the Netherlands?
baq23a061Where do you place yourself in relation to these contradictions? - follow the rules
baq23a062Where do you place yourself in relation to these contradictions? - law is good for whom
baq23a063Please indicate below which of two elements of a democratic system you consider more important in a democracy? (1)
baq23a064Which of the two elements mentioned do you consider more important in a democracy? (2)
baq23a065Which of the two elements mentioned do you consider more important in a democracy? (3)
baq23a066Which of the two elements mentioned do you consider more important in a democracy? (4)
baq23a067Which of the two elements mentioned do you consider more important in a democracy? (5)
baq23a068Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Environmental organization
baq23a069Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Third world, human rights or peace organization
baq23a070Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Trade union
baq23a071Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Church, mosque, synagogue, temple or other religious organisation
baq23a072Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Political party
baq23a073Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Other (I)
baq23a074Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Other (II)
baq23a075Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : None of the above
baq23a076Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Other (I), namely
baq23a077Could you indicate whether you are a member or a donor of one or more of the organisations listed below? : Other (II), namely
baq23a078For each of the following institutions, please indicate how much trust you have in it. - Government
baq23a079For each of the following institutions, please indicate how much trust you have in it. - National parliament
baq23a080For each of the following institutions, please indicate how much trust you have in it. - Political parties
baq23a081For each of the following institutions, please indicate how much trust you have in it. - Party voted for in 2023 parliamentary elections
baq23a082I and my neighbors are responsible for a livable neighborhood.
baq23a083I have little control over the things that happen to me.
baq23a084Sometimes I feel like I'm life's plaything.
baq23a085I can do just about anything if I put my mind to it.
baq23a086Hard to be hopeful about the future of the world.
baq23a087For most people in this country, life is getting worse.
baq23a088When thinking about the Netherlands, to what extent do you feel nostalgic about the sort of place the Netherlands was before.
baq23a089In general, do you think that most people can be trusted, or do you think one cannot be careful enough in dealing with others?
baq23a090How satisfied are you with your decision to vote for the party you voted for November 22?
baq23a091How satisfied are you with the results of the November 22 elections?
baq23a092If there were elections today for the House of Representatives, which party would you vote for?
baq23a093Suppose that the Second Chamber considers a bill that you feel is extremely unjust or wrong. How great is the chance that you would attempt to do something about it?
baq23a094There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Try to get radio, TV or newspaper involved
baq23a095There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Try to involve political party or organization
baq23a096There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Participate in a meeting organized by government
baq23a097There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Contact politician or civil servant
baq23a098There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Contact politician through social media
baq23a099There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Join a civic action group
baq23a100There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Join a demonstration
baq23a101There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Use social media
baq23a102There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Use internet, email or SMS without social media
baq23a103There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: Do other things to influence government
baq23a104There are various ways to try to bring something to the attention within politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the government.: None of the above
baq23a105Politicians are honest
baq23a106Politicians are profiteers
baq23a107Politicians keep their promises
baq23a108Politicians are corrupt
baq23a109Most politicians are trustworthy
baq23a110It is part of politics that politicians have to deal with violence and threats.
baq23a111Politicians have to deal with too much (online) swearing and threats.
baq23a112To what extent do you believe that male and female politicians are equally victims of the following forms of violence? - Physical violence
baq23a113To what extent do you believe that male and female politicians are equally victims of the following forms of violence? - Psychological violence (such as verbal abuse and threats)
baq23a114To what extent do you believe that male and female politicians are equally victims of the following forms of violence? - Sexual violence
baq23a115Where would you place yourself on a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 means that you think opposition parties should always look for compromises with the government and 7 means that you think opposition parties should always stick to their own positions?
baq23a116Where would you place yourself on a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 means you think opposition parties should always look for compromises with the government and 7 means you think opposition parties should always oppose the government?
baq23a117Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement. There is no need to obey a law that you consider unjust.
baq23a118What do you think, should it be possible to organize a referendum on: International treaties
baq23a119What do you think, should it be possible to organize a referendum on: Changes to the constitution
baq23a120What do you think, should it be possible to organize a referendum on: Drawing up the budget
baq23a121What do you think, should it be possible to organize a referendum on: Other laws
baq23a122The current percentage of women in parliament after the most recent election is 40% percent. Thinking about this percentage, would you say that it is much too high, too high, about right, too low, or much too low?
baq23a123Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. A mother with pre-school children (age younger than 4) should reduce paid work to a minimum.
baq23a124Out of every 100 people that you might encounter in daily life, how many do you think agree that a mother with pre-school children (age younger than 4) should reduce paid work to a minimum?
baq23a125Out of every 100 mothers with pre-school children (age younger than 4) that you might encounter in daily life, how many do you think actually reduce paid work to a minimum?
baq23a126Who is better suited to lead the country during a public health crisis?
baq23a127Who is better suited to lead the country during an economic crisis?
baq23a128The government must do more to achieve equality for women.
baq23a129For too long, society has looked away from the sexual intimidation of women.
baq23a130How well do you think that our political system guarantees adequate healthcare for all citizens?
baq23a131There are secret organizations that greatly influence political decisions
baq23a132Many very important things happen in the world, which the public is never informed about
baq23a133Government agencies closely monitor all citizens.
baq23a134Events which superficially seem to lack a connection are often the result of secret activities.
baq23a135How often do you generally watch the following news broadcasts on television or online? - NOS Journaal
baq23a136How often do you generally watch the following news broadcasts on television or online? - RTL Nieuws
baq23a137How often do you generally watch the following news broadcasts on television or online? - Hart van Nederland (SBS6)
baq23a138How often do you read a newspaper? This can be either a paper or digital/online newspaper.
baq23a139Which of the following newspaper (on paper or online) do you read daily or almost daily?: de Telegraaf
baq23a140Which of the following newspaper (on paper or online) do you read daily or almost daily?: de Volkskrant
baq23a141Which of the following newspaper (on paper or online) do you read daily or almost daily?: Trouw
baq23a142Which of the following newspaper (on paper or online) do you read daily or almost daily?: NRC Handelsblad
baq23a143Which of the following newspaper (on paper or online) do you read daily or almost daily?: Algemeen Dagblad
baq23a144Which of the following newspaper (on paper or online) do you read daily or almost daily?: Regionale krant
baq23a145Which of the following newspaper (on paper or online) do you read daily or almost daily?: Other
baq23a147Can you indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source?: Nos.nl or NOS stories
baq23a148Can you indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source?: Geenstijl.nl
baq23a149Can you indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source?: Nu.nl
baq23a150Can you indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source?: Indebuurt.nl
baq23a151Can you indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source?: Cestmocro
baq23a152Can you indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source?: Google news
baq23a153Can you indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source?: Regional news site
baq23a154Are there any other online or social media news sources that you use for news about politics, politicians or political parties?
baq23a155Are there any other online or social media news sources that you use for news about politics, politicians or political parties? (2)
baq23a156Indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source: (other news source 1)
baq23a157Indicate how often you get news about politics and political parties from each source: (other news source 2)
baq23a158How often do you see messages about politicians and/or current political affairs on one of the following social media channels? - Facebook
baq23a159How often do you see messages about politicians and/or current political affairs on one of the following social media channels? - Instagram
baq23a160How often do you see messages about politicians and/or current political affairs on one of the following social media channels? - X (Twitter)
baq23a161How often do you see messages about politicians and/or current political affairs on one of the following social media channels? - Youtube
baq23a162How often do you see messages about politicians and/or current political affairs on one of the following social media channels? - TikTok
baq23a163Do you own the Dutch flag?
baq23a164Have you displayed the Dutch flag once in the past two years for the following occasions? - On the 5th of May during Liberation Day
baq23a165Have you displayed the Dutch flag once in the past two years for the following occasions? - On April 27th during Kingsday
baq23a166Have you displayed the Dutch flag once in the past two years for the following occasions? - Upside down to support the farmers’ protests
baq23a167Only the Dutch flag may fly on government buildings and schools and not an LGBT+- flag or a flag of another country, such as Ukraine or Israel.
baq23a168I am proud to be Dutch
baq23a169No better country than the Netherlands
baq23a170How important do you think the following is for being truly Dutch, … to have been born in the Netherlands.
baq23a171How important do you think the following is for being truly Dutch, … to be able to speak Dutch.
baq23a172How important do you think the following is for being truly Dutch, … to follow Dutch customs and traditions.
baq23a173There is something wrong with people who neither feel like a man nor like a women
baq23a174If someone has thought it through, a sex change can be a good idea
baq23a175LHBTIQ+ information from government institutions and in schools should be banned
baq23a176Same-sex couples should have the same right to adopt children as heterosexuals couples
baq23a177Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. I am well represented in the House of Representatives.
baq23a178What is the most important reason for your answer?
baq23a179Which characteristics of MPs are important to give you the feeling that you are well represented in the House of Representatives? MPs share my: Gender
baq23a180Which characteristics of MPs are important to give you the feeling that you are well represented in the House of Representatives? MPs share my: Education
baq23a181Which characteristics of MPs are important to give you the feeling that you are well represented in the House of Representatives? MPs share my: Religion
baq23a182Which characteristics of MPs are important to give you the feeling that you are well represented in the House of Representatives? MPs share my: Ethnic background
baq23a183Which characteristics of MPs are important to give you the feeling that you are well represented in the House of Representatives? MPs share my: Politicians share my opinion
baq23a184Which characteristics of MPs are important to give you the feeling that you are well represented in the House of Representatives? MPs share my: Other
baq23a185Which characteristics of MPs are important to give you the feeling that you are well represented in the House of Representatives? MPs share my: None of the above
baq23a186Which characteristics of MPs are important to give you the feeling that you are well represented in the House of Representatives? MPs share my: Other, namely:
baq23a187How important is …. for your identity? Religion
baq23a188How important is …. for your identity? Level of education
baq23a189How important is …. for your identity? Gender
baq23a190How important is …. for your identity? Sexual preference
baq23a191How important is …. for your identity? Being Dutch
baq23a192How important is …. for your identity? Social status
baq23a193How important is …. for your identity? Ethnic background
baq23a194How important is …. for your identity? Skin colour
baq23a195Religion is a good guide in politics.
baq23a196It is more important to follow rules from my religion than Dutch laws and regulations.
baq23a197Laws of my religion are more important than laws of my country.
baq23a198Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - VVD
baq23a199Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - D66
baq23a200Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - PvdA/Groenlinks
baq23a201Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - PVV
baq23a202Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - CDA
baq23a203Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - SP
baq23a204Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - Partij voor de Dieren
baq23a205Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - ChristenUnie
baq23a206Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - DENK
baq23a207Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - Bij1
baq23a208Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - BoerBurgerBeweging (BBB)
baq23a209Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - Nieuw Sociaal Contract (Omtzigt)
baq23a210Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7, 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? - Where would you place yourself on this line?
baq23a211How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - VVD
baq23a212How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - D66
baq23a213How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - PvdA/Groenlinks
baq23a214How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - PVV
baq23a215How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - CDA
baq23a216How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - SP
baq23a217How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - Partij voor de Dieren
baq23a218How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - ChristenUnie
baq23a219How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - DENK
baq23a220How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - Bij1
baq23a221How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - BoerBurgerBeweging (BBB)
baq23a222How would you place the following parties on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further? - Nieuw Sociaal Contract (Omtzigt)
baq23a223Below are four objectives. If you had to choose among the following things, which are the two that seem most desirable to you?
baq23a224And what would be your second choice?
baq23a225Below are four other objectives. If you had to choose among the following things, which are the two that seem most desirable to you?
baq23a226And what would be your second choice?
baq23a227To what extent do you agree or disagree that the incomes of people [without a migration background] in the working class[, which consists of people with and without a migration background,] should be increased?
baq23a228To what extent are you willing to cooperate with people from the working class [, which consists of people with and without a migration background,] to [first] improve the incomes of [people without a migration background in] the working class?
baq23a229To what extent do you think the government should prioritize each of these issues? - Reducing the number of immigrants coming to the Netherlands
baq23a230To what extent do you think the government should prioritize each of these issues? - Reducing poverty in the Netherlands
baq23a231To what extent do you think the government should prioritize each of these issues? - Combating racism and discrimination
baq23a232To what extent do you think the government should prioritize each of these issues? - Building Houses
baq23a233How fairly or not do you think that all groups in society are treated in the Netherlands?
baq23a234Foreigners should adapt to the Dutch culture. - I am:
baq23a235Foreigners should adapt to the Dutch culture. - The society is:
baq23a236Income differences in the Netherlands should be decreased. - I am:
baq23a237Income differences in the Netherlands should be decreased. - The society is...
baq23a238Measures against climate change have gone too far. - I am:
baq23a239And what do you think about the society in general? - The society is…
baq23a240To what extent do you consider labor market discrimination in the Netherlands to be a problem?
baq23a241How do you feel when you think about discrimination during the job application process and in the workplace in the Netherlands?
baq23a242Discrimination based on migration background
baq23a243Discrimination based on sexual preference
baq23a244Discrimination based on skin color
baq23a245To what extent do you think the following organizations or groups can really help to end discrimination when applying for jobs and in the workplace? - Government
baq23a246To what extent do you think the following organizations or groups can really help to end discrimination when applying for jobs and in the workplace? - Employers
baq23a247To what extent do you think the following organizations or groups can really help to end discrimination when applying for jobs and in the workplace? - Labor unions
baq23a248To what extent do you think the following organizations or groups can really help to end discrimination when applying for jobs and in the workplace? - Citizens
baq23a249Was it difficult to answer the questions?
baq23a250Were the questions sufficiently clear?
baq23a251Did the questionnaire get you thinking about things?
baq23a252Was it an interesting subject?
baq23a253Did you enjoy answering the questions?
baq23a254Starting date questionnaire.
baq23a255Starting time questionnaire.
baq23a256End date questionnaire.
baq23a257End time questionnaire.
baq23a258Duration in seconds.

Response Information

Response Overview
Selected number of household members: 3,326 (100.0%)
Non-response: 1,142 (34.3%)
Response: 2,184 (65.7%)
Complete: 2,132 (64.1%)
Incomplete: 52 (1.6%)
Collection Events
Period
12-12-2023 to 31-12-2023
Sample
Participants DPES 2021, supplemented with a stratified sample, taking into account the response rate per age category. Additionally, we invited a sample including panel members with a migration background and a Dutch nationality.
Collection Mode
Internet Survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.